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| Contest #49 - February 18, 2006 |
| Who are the bride and the groom? |
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| Answers: King Zog of Albania and Countess Geraldine Apponyi April 27, 1938 Tirana, Albania The hint gives the words to the Albanian National Anthem (in Albanian). If you copy and paste the words in Albanian directly into Google, (believe it or not!) you will get many links for websites on Albania. |
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The words in English:
United around the flag,
With one desire and one goal,
Let us pledge our word of honour
To fight for our salvation
Only he who is a born traitor
Averts from the struggle.
He who is brave is not daunted,
But falls - a martyr to the cause.
With arms in hand we shall remain,
To guard our fatherland round about.
Our rights we will not bequeath,
Enemies have no place here.
For the Lord Himself has said,
That nations vanish from the earth,
But Albania shall live on,
Because for her, it is for her that we
fight.
United around the flag,
With one desire and one goal,
Let us pledge our word of honour
To fight for our salvation
Only he who is a born traitor
Averts from the struggle.
He who is brave is not daunted,
But falls - a martyr to the cause.
With arms in hand we shall remain,
To guard our fatherland round about.
Our rights we will not bequeath,
Enemies have no place here.
For the Lord Himself has said,
That nations vanish from the earth,
But Albania shall live on,
Because for her, it is for her that we
fight.
| About Albania |
Capital: Tirana (41°20′ N 19°48′ E)
Population: 3.5M (est. 2005)
Currency: Lek
Language: Albanian
Government: Emerging Democracy
Comparative Size: Slightly smaller than
Maryland
Population: 3.5M (est. 2005)
Currency: Lek
Language: Albanian
Government: Emerging Democracy
Comparative Size: Slightly smaller than
Maryland
| ******** |
| Map of Albania |
| Albania from space. |
| ******** |
Recent History
Between 1990 and 1992 Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic Communist rule and
established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven difficult as successive
governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, a
dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks with links to high
government officials, and disruptive political opponents. International observers judged
parliamentary elections in 2001 to be acceptable and a step toward democratic
development, but identified serious deficiencies. Some of these were addressed through
reforms in the Albanian electoral code prior to the nationwide municipal elections in
2003.
Between 1990 and 1992 Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic Communist rule and
established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven difficult as successive
governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, a
dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks with links to high
government officials, and disruptive political opponents. International observers judged
parliamentary elections in 2001 to be acceptable and a step toward democratic
development, but identified serious deficiencies. Some of these were addressed through
reforms in the Albanian electoral code prior to the nationwide municipal elections in
2003.
| ********** |
| The Zog Era |
| His Majesty King Zog (Zog I Skanderbeg III) born Ahmet Bej Zogu October 8, 1895–April 9, 1961 Albanian prime minister (1922-1924) President (1925-1928) King (1928-1939 and 1943-1946 the latter period in name only) |
| ********** |
Ahmet Bey ZOGU (b. Oct. 8, 1895, Castle Burgajet, Albania--d. April 9, 1961,
Suresnes, France), president of Albania from 1925 to 1928 and king from 1928 to 1939.
Though able to manipulate Albania's internal affairs to his own advantage, he came to
depend heavily on Benito Mussolini's Italy and was eventually ousted by the Italian
dictator on the eve of World War II. Siding with Austria during World War I, Zog
thereafter became a leader of the reformist Popular Party. He held ministerial posts
from 1920 until he was forced into exile in June 1924, but he returned with Yugoslav
assistance in December, was elected president on Feb. 1, 1925, and was proclaimed
king on Sept. 1, 1928.
Zog ended a period of postwar political turbulence, and Albania enjoyed relative
tranquility under his regime. He began a fateful association with Italy in 1925; a loan in
that year was followed in 1926 by a treaty of friendship and security and in 1927 by a
20-year defensive military alliance between the two countries. Mussolini made Albania
his bridgehead to the Balkans, and by 1939 Italy controlled the country's finances and
army.
Zog tried but failed to break that hold from 1932 onward. On April 7, 1939, Mussolini
finally made Albania into a protectorate; Victor Emmanuel III became king, and Zog
went into exile. His hopes of returning after the war were disappointed by the
establishment of a communist republic under Enver Hoxha in 1945. He formally
abdicated on Jan. 2, 1946.
http://groups.msn.com/albanianpeople/ahmetzogu.msnw
Suresnes, France), president of Albania from 1925 to 1928 and king from 1928 to 1939.
Though able to manipulate Albania's internal affairs to his own advantage, he came to
depend heavily on Benito Mussolini's Italy and was eventually ousted by the Italian
dictator on the eve of World War II. Siding with Austria during World War I, Zog
thereafter became a leader of the reformist Popular Party. He held ministerial posts
from 1920 until he was forced into exile in June 1924, but he returned with Yugoslav
assistance in December, was elected president on Feb. 1, 1925, and was proclaimed
king on Sept. 1, 1928.
Zog ended a period of postwar political turbulence, and Albania enjoyed relative
tranquility under his regime. He began a fateful association with Italy in 1925; a loan in
that year was followed in 1926 by a treaty of friendship and security and in 1927 by a
20-year defensive military alliance between the two countries. Mussolini made Albania
his bridgehead to the Balkans, and by 1939 Italy controlled the country's finances and
army.
Zog tried but failed to break that hold from 1932 onward. On April 7, 1939, Mussolini
finally made Albania into a protectorate; Victor Emmanuel III became king, and Zog
went into exile. His hopes of returning after the war were disappointed by the
establishment of a communist republic under Enver Hoxha in 1945. He formally
abdicated on Jan. 2, 1946.
http://groups.msn.com/albanianpeople/ahmetzogu.msnw
| ********** |
| Countess Geraldine Margit Virginia Olga Maria Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi |
Countess Geraldine Margit Virginia Olga Maria
Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi (6 August 1915 - 22
October 2002) was briefly Queen Geraldina of the
Albanians.
She was born in Budapest, Hungary. Her father
was Julius (or Gyula) Count Apponyi de Nagy-
Apponyi (or: Nagyappony; (born on August 15,
1873 Nagyappony, now Slovakia – died on May
27, 1924 in Budapest, Hungary). Her mother was
Gladys Virginia Stewart (born on July 18, 1891 –
died on November 19, 1947), an American, a
daughter of a millionaire from Virginia and a distant
relative of United States Presidents, Richard Nixon
and George W. Bush. Geraldine's paternal
grandfather, Ludwig (or Lajos) Apponyi (born on
May 2, 1849 in Baden bei Wien – died on
December 11, 1909 in Budapest, Hungary), was a
high official in the Habsburg court. Geraldine's
mother’s father, John Henry Stewart (1831–1892)
was a diplomat who served as American Consul to
Antwerp, Belgium.
In April 1938, Countess Geraldine Apponyi de
Nagy-Apponyi, a Roman Catholic who was half
Hungarian and half American married King Zog I
of Albania, a Moslem. They met when she was
working selling postcards for a living at the
Budapest National Museum. She was known as the
"White Rose of Hungary" and was raised to royal
status as Princess Geraldine of Albania prior to her
wedding. Their only child, Crown Prince Leka
Zogu, was born on April 5, 1939.
She died at the age of 87 in a military hospital in
Tirana, after having suffered recurrent pulmonary
problems and four heart attacks on October 22,
2002. She was buried by the Central House of the
Army and with full honours, including a funeral
oration at the cathedral of Shen Pjetri, on October
26, 2002, and interred in the public cemetery of
Sharra, Albania at "The Plot of VIPs".
http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Countess_Geraldine_Apponyi_de_Nagy-Apponyi
Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi (6 August 1915 - 22
October 2002) was briefly Queen Geraldina of the
Albanians.
She was born in Budapest, Hungary. Her father
was Julius (or Gyula) Count Apponyi de Nagy-
Apponyi (or: Nagyappony; (born on August 15,
1873 Nagyappony, now Slovakia – died on May
27, 1924 in Budapest, Hungary). Her mother was
Gladys Virginia Stewart (born on July 18, 1891 –
died on November 19, 1947), an American, a
daughter of a millionaire from Virginia and a distant
relative of United States Presidents, Richard Nixon
and George W. Bush. Geraldine's paternal
grandfather, Ludwig (or Lajos) Apponyi (born on
May 2, 1849 in Baden bei Wien – died on
December 11, 1909 in Budapest, Hungary), was a
high official in the Habsburg court. Geraldine's
mother’s father, John Henry Stewart (1831–1892)
was a diplomat who served as American Consul to
Antwerp, Belgium.
In April 1938, Countess Geraldine Apponyi de
Nagy-Apponyi, a Roman Catholic who was half
Hungarian and half American married King Zog I
of Albania, a Moslem. They met when she was
working selling postcards for a living at the
Budapest National Museum. She was known as the
"White Rose of Hungary" and was raised to royal
status as Princess Geraldine of Albania prior to her
wedding. Their only child, Crown Prince Leka
Zogu, was born on April 5, 1939.
She died at the age of 87 in a military hospital in
Tirana, after having suffered recurrent pulmonary
problems and four heart attacks on October 22,
2002. She was buried by the Central House of the
Army and with full honours, including a funeral
oration at the cathedral of Shen Pjetri, on October
26, 2002, and interred in the public cemetery of
Sharra, Albania at "The Plot of VIPs".
http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Countess_Geraldine_Apponyi_de_Nagy-Apponyi
| Countess Gerald/Queen Geraldina |
| April 27, 1938 |
| The King's three sisters as bridesmaids. |
In Albania and King Zog,
Owen Pearson presents a
complete account of the 20th
century in Albania, from its
breakaway from the Ottoman
Empire in 1908 to the Kosova
War in 1999. He chronicles the
monarchy of King Zog and the
wartime period where Albania
became a battleground for the
Greek, Italian and German
armies, and much more.
http://www.ibtauris.com/ibtauris/display.asp?K=510000000646194&cid=i
btauris&sf_01=CAUTHOR&st_02=king+zog&sf_02=CTITLE&sf_03=KE
YWORD&m=1&dc=1
Owen Pearson presents a
complete account of the 20th
century in Albania, from its
breakaway from the Ottoman
Empire in 1908 to the Kosova
War in 1999. He chronicles the
monarchy of King Zog and the
wartime period where Albania
became a battleground for the
Greek, Italian and German
armies, and much more.
http://www.ibtauris.com/ibtauris/display.asp?K=510000000646194&cid=i
btauris&sf_01=CAUTHOR&st_02=king+zog&sf_02=CTITLE&sf_03=KE
YWORD&m=1&dc=1
| The Happy Couple |
| Zog, Geraldine, and Crown Prince Leku |
| ********** |
| Did You Know that Mother Theresa was Albanian? |
Mother Tersa (1910-97). One of the most highly
respected women in the world, Mother Teresa was
internationally known for her charitable work among the
victims of poverty and neglect--particularly in the slums
of Calcutta, India. In 1979 she was awarded the Nobel
peace prize in recognition of her humanitarian efforts.
She also received the Jewel of India, India's highest
civilian medal, as well as honorary degrees from
academic institutions worldwide.
Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born on Aug. 27, 1910, in
Skopje, Macedonia, of Albanian ancestry. She was the
youngest of three children. In her teens, Agnes became a
member of a youth group in her local parish called
respected women in the world, Mother Teresa was
internationally known for her charitable work among the
victims of poverty and neglect--particularly in the slums
of Calcutta, India. In 1979 she was awarded the Nobel
peace prize in recognition of her humanitarian efforts.
She also received the Jewel of India, India's highest
civilian medal, as well as honorary degrees from
academic institutions worldwide.
Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born on Aug. 27, 1910, in
Skopje, Macedonia, of Albanian ancestry. She was the
youngest of three children. In her teens, Agnes became a
member of a youth group in her local parish called
Sodality. Through her involvement with their activities guided by a Jesuit priest, Agnes
became interested in missionaries. At age 17, she responded to her first call of a
vocation as a Catholic missionary nun. She joined an Irish order in Dublin, the Sisters
of Loretto, a community known for their missionary work in Calcutta, India. When she
took her vows as a Sister of Loretto, she chose the name Teresa after Saint Thérèse of
Lisieux.
became interested in missionaries. At age 17, she responded to her first call of a
vocation as a Catholic missionary nun. She joined an Irish order in Dublin, the Sisters
of Loretto, a community known for their missionary work in Calcutta, India. When she
took her vows as a Sister of Loretto, she chose the name Teresa after Saint Thérèse of
Lisieux.
After a year she left Ireland to join the Loretto convent in
Darjeeling, India. Her work included a teaching post at St.
Mary's High School in Calcutta, where she witnessed the
destitution that marked the city's slums. In 1946, Mother Teresa
later recalled, she received a "call within a call," experiencing
what she considered divine inspiration to begin a new chapter in
her life, one devoted to helping the sick and impoverished. In that
year she founded a new religious order, the Missionaries of
Charity. This new religious order was officially recognized by
the Roman Catholic church in 1950. The order organized schools
and opened centers to treat the blind, the aged, lepers, the
disabled, and the dying. In 1952 Mother Teresa founded the
Nirmal Hriday (Place for the Pure of Heart) in Calcutta --a home
to which terminally ill people could go to die with dignity. Despite her own religious
beliefs, Mother Teresa demanded that the volunteers and workers at the Nirmal Hriday
respect the religious beliefs of those who came for sanctuary in their last days. Under
her guidance a leper colony called Shanti Nagar (Town of Peace) was built near Asansol
in West Bengal.
In the years after its inception, the Missionaries of Charity established centers
throughout the world. In 1968 Pope Paul VI called Mother Teresa to Rome to found a
home there. In 1971 he awarded her the first Pope John XXIII peace prize. Under
Mother Teresa's direction, the Missionaries of Charity established orphanages, nutrition
centers, health care centers, and schools, bringing relief to diverse people, from
beliefs, Mother Teresa demanded that the volunteers and workers at the Nirmal Hriday
respect the religious beliefs of those who came for sanctuary in their last days. Under
her guidance a leper colony called Shanti Nagar (Town of Peace) was built near Asansol
in West Bengal.
In the years after its inception, the Missionaries of Charity established centers
throughout the world. In 1968 Pope Paul VI called Mother Teresa to Rome to found a
home there. In 1971 he awarded her the first Pope John XXIII peace prize. Under
Mother Teresa's direction, the Missionaries of Charity established orphanages, nutrition
centers, health care centers, and schools, bringing relief to diverse people, from
impoverished blacks in South Africa to Christians and Muslims
in war-torn Lebanon in the early 1980s to the poor in New York
City's Harlem section.
After Mother Teresa suffered a heart attack in 1989, she was
fitted with a pacemaker. Because of her health problems, she
resigned as superior general of the order in April 1990, but she
was voted out of retirement by the members and returned to her
post in September. In early 1997 Mother Teresa began to suffer
from increasingly severe health problems, including heart and
kidney disorders. Only a few months after stepping down
permanently from leadership of the Missionaries of Charity,
Mother Teresa died of a heart attack on Sept. 5, 1997, at the age
in war-torn Lebanon in the early 1980s to the poor in New York
City's Harlem section.
After Mother Teresa suffered a heart attack in 1989, she was
fitted with a pacemaker. Because of her health problems, she
resigned as superior general of the order in April 1990, but she
was voted out of retirement by the members and returned to her
post in September. In early 1997 Mother Teresa began to suffer
from increasingly severe health problems, including heart and
kidney disorders. Only a few months after stepping down
permanently from leadership of the Missionaries of Charity,
Mother Teresa died of a heart attack on Sept. 5, 1997, at the age
Photos and Text References:
www.ewtn.com/motherteresa/life.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa
www.marcad.com/travel/Russia/default.htm
groups.msn.com/albanianpeople/motherteresa.msnw
| Marker at Mother Teresa's birthplace. |
| ********** |
| Congratulations to our winners! Peter St. Wecker Mary Fraser Dale Niesen Stan Read Mary South Deedee King Bobbie Sims Judy Pfaff Carol Haueter Michael Schield Grace Hertz Betty Halberg Carol Epp Eva Royal |
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| Hint: |
| Quiz #49 Results |
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of 87. At the time of her death, missions of Mother Teresa's order existed in more than
90 countries and had grown to include some 4,000 nuns and hundreds of thousands of
lay workers and volunteers. Sister Nirmala, a longtime member of the order, succeeded
her as head of the organization.
90 countries and had grown to include some 4,000 nuns and hundreds of thousands of
lay workers and volunteers. Sister Nirmala, a longtime member of the order, succeeded
her as head of the organization.