As you’ll recall, the New York Times’ preferred explanation for why a man opened an umbrella on a sunny day, just as JFK’s limousine passed—and just as the bullets poured into the car— was an entirely benign one. Strange, but benign.
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The umbrella man is a lot more interesting. He did not know that Kennedy had been assassinated just a few feet away because he was preoccupied with opening his umbrella. That adds another element to the "wrong place, wrong time, doing the wrong thing" statement he made at the Congressional Hearing.
Another astute comment was made by the Chairman of the Committee. When the clerk went to open the umbrella at the hearing, he said, "Could you point that thing in another direction?"
We had a neighbor Mr Kyame who lived across from us when I was growing up in New Orleans . He was a teacher who had had Lee Harvey Oswald in his class when he taught high school. Mr Kyame went on to have three children named John, Faith, and Karen (JFK). There's got to be some way we can work that into a conspiracy.
I can’t think of anything in my lifetime that has had more conspiracy theories attached to it than the assassination of JFK. With that said…
It is absolutely clear to me that Mr. K** had a gut feeling that Joseph Kennedy’s money was going to get his son elected President. Mr. K** did not like the Kennedys. As a teacher, Mr. K** was probably very good at reading his students. He saw in Lee Harvey Oswald a young, angry man who was really open to the power of suggestion. By naming his children as he did, he could convey the name of a man he wanted targeted to Oswald and Oswald picked up on the suggestion. Mr. K** taught American History. To make sure Oswald got the picture, Mr. K** spent an inordinate amount of time on John Wilkes Booth and Abraham Lincoln. Oswald put two and two together and then just waited for the right time. [** Name omitted to protect his descendants.]
I’m usually very good at making up a conspiracy theory. But, in the case of JFK, all of the good conspiracy theories have been taken. Mr. K**’s kids probably came later and were named as they were in memory of JFK.
Carol Farrant
The inspiration for this quiz was a recent late night TV program on JFK conspiracies. One of the conspiracies was based on the belief that the military had just made contact with aliens from outer space. JFK was going to announce it the following week against their wishes, so they killed him. According to the TV poll, about 2% of conspiracy theorists believe this. The response from one of the government officials who was interviewed for the program was something like "Oh come on".
1. He opened an umbrella just at the moment that President Kennedy was assassinated during his motocade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, TX.
2. Louie Steven Witt, identified in 1978.
3. In his testimony before the Select Committee, he said "I think if the Guinness Book of World Records had a category for people who were at the wrong place at the wrong time, doing the wrong thing, I would be No. 1 in that position, without even a close runner-up."
TinEye Advisory You can find this photo on TinEye.com, but the quiz will be a lot more fun if you solve the puzzle on your own.
Comments from Our Readers
Speaking of JFK conspiracy theorists, by coincidence, I've been researching a family where I have latitude to find ancillary material about the family members, such as apperances in newspaper articles and such. The father in the family was a conspiracy theorist and shows up in several FBI reports! He apparently kept sending them his theory of what actually happened, why Oswald wasn't guilty, etc. It's quite entertaining to read the guy's letter's and what the FBI had to say internally about them.
Janice Sellers
Googled "Stemmons Freeway" and a suggestion for "Stemmons Freeway sign" came in. Went to images and a big bunch of stuff about the Kennedy assassination came in. Saw this picture in a forum and down he is circled and pointed at as the "umbrella man". Googling that got me to the wikipedia page that held all the answers.
I didn't know about the umbrella man before, but what we have always concluded here is that the official version of the story is just another conspiracy theory, just as implausible as the rest.
Wondering if the "umbrella protest" would have an impact now with what is happening on the other side of the world these days....
Ida Sanchez
The big hint with this quiz was the Stemmons Freeway sign. A quick search led me to the Kennedy assassination and the photo of "umbrella man" and "dark- complected man" sitting on the curb at Dealey Plaza.
Margaret Paxton
Tineye not needed. Googling Stemmons Freeway (sign in background) told me what to look for, and helped.
Arthur Hartwell
Well right off I noticed the Stemmons Freeway sign and knew I was in Dallas!
Elaine C. Hebert
I started with a Google search for Stemmons Freeway sign. That immediately led to a reference about the Zapruder film of the Kennedy assassination in Dallas. Looking a the film clips showed that the Stemmons sign was at the side of the road by the exact location where Kennedy was shot.
Another search for Stemmon Freeway sign brought an image taken from across the street just before the limousine passed the sign. Two men are visible in the photo, then one on the right was identified as "the umbrella man". He was not identified at the time and became a focus of various conspiracy theories for some years.
See "Umbrella man, not plotter", The Miami News, 26-sep-1978, p.2a, col. 3-4.
Catherine Bence
Conspiracy theories...I love them and hate them. It is so easy to get drawn in to them but I have that rational side that says "don't believe this nonsense". The forensics of Kennedy's death is so fascinating. The arguments of the "evidence" surrounding his death seem to be rise above his legacy as a politician. If I really wanted to drive myself crazy I would dig deeper into the Bohemian Grove conspiracy. I probably should stay focused on my work!
Rick Fogerty
I grew up 2.6 crow-miles from Dealey Plaza, and was a tremendous fan of JFK despite his flaws (most of which I was unaware of before his death), so it happened that I recognized the probable site of your picture (green grassy lawn, Stemmons Freeway nearby, people on curb as if watching a parade or something) even before I started googling.
Having no patience with the vast majority of conspiracy theories surrounding any modern event, I had never heard of "umbrella man" before. I haven't yet heard a persuasive argument for why Oswald did it, but I'm even less persuaded by all the wild-eyed output of the tin-hat crowd. I am a big fan of Occam -- the simplest answer to a question is probably the correct one.
Collier Smith
This has as much speculation as Jack the Ripper - we are not going to ever know (in this life...) so stop wasting time, people. :)
Beth Long
I watched the video clip of the clerk opening the umbrella and "point it the other way" comment. Then the clerk goes on to over open the umbrella as if it was caught in the wind. Never followed the proceedings when they were happening, but then the coverage was really only on the national news and then it was really "filtered", no internet. It is interesting reading now. I am a believer in there being a conspiracy of some type either before, during, or after the incident.
If it happened today can you imagine the quality and abundance of photos and videos they would have to go through and how fast it would hit social media. Plus all the advancements in computers and surveillance.
Edna Cardinal
I can still visualize my friend walking towards me moments before she told me what had just happened that day.
The clue was obviously the Stemmons Freeway sign.
Carol Farrant
I googled "stemmons freeway sign" and found your image. That page (assassinationofjfk.net/was-umbrella-man-a-shooter/) led to the phrase "umbrella man" which led to the Wiki and a multitude of (crackpot) conspiracy theorist pages. These claim Witt was there to fire a poison dart at JFK, to paralyze him so that the "real" shooters could kill him. They all seem to ignore the point that if Witt could hit him with a paralyzing dart, why not use a fatal poison and eliminate the need for more shooting?
Collier Smith
Congratulations to Our Winners!
Marcelle Comeau Janice Sellers Ida Sanchez Margaret Paxton Carol Stansell Catherine Bence Rick Fogerty Collier Smith Beth Long Betty Chambers Carol Farrant Edna Cardinal Cynthia Costigan Timothy Fitzpatrick Tynan Peterson Rebecca Bare
The Fabulous Fletchers! Grace Hertz and Mary Turner
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How Marcelle Solved the Puzzle
This was an interesting quiz. The photo was a bit blurry so it was difficult for me to make out the wording on the sign (I was determined to solve it without resorting to TinEye). I tried Stemmons and searched using the keywords “Stemmons Freeway two men on curb”. Being from Canada, the words Stemmons Fwy meant nothing to me. The search popped all sorts of references to the Kennedy Assassination so I thought AH-HA! I now have my topic. Further research led me to what I believe is the correct story.
Of course we were all glued to our TV's in the days following the assassination but I am not sure if many people outside the U.S. followed all the conspiracy theories afterwards. The "Umbrella Man" was certainly an interesting story!
And that is a cute story about Mr. Kyame and his three kids.
Marcelle Comeau Canada
If you read Witt's full testimony, to me these items stick out:
Who uses the word "flechette" or commonly knows it's meaning Who in the crowd would say "they shot those people" - "those people"?? Not "the president"? who uses the word "clouted"???? That's the most suspicious to me.
He didn't know they were looking for him for all of these years? Under what rock have you been hiding?
He still has the actual umbrella? Yeah, sure he does.
He didn't look at the man who sat next to him. Everyone looks at who sits next to them, no matter what the situation.
He doesn't come off as being your common prankster.
Last, why come forward after 15 years? Not 7, not 12, but 15? Is there some kind of statute that he thinks ran out regarding prosecution?
Everyone can doubt everything including me, and I think some people drive themselves crazy over this and it becomes an obsession. Enjoy your life in the here and now.
PS - I am also sick to death of hearing about the Titanic and "new information" never discovered before - please stop the ride, I want to get of!! ;)
Beth Long
Response from Quizmaster Emeritus Carol Farrant
To see the trailer for History Channel program about Kennedy assassination conspiracies click here.
An excerpt from Louie Steven Witt's testimony before the US House Select Committee:
Mr. GENZMAN. Why were you carrying an umbrella that day? Mr. WITT. Actually, I was going to use this umbrella to heckle the President's motorcade.
Mr. GENZMAN. How had you gotten this idea?
Mr. WITT. In a coffee break conversation someone had mentioned that the umbrella was a sore spot with the Kennedy family. Being a conservative-type fellow, I sort of placed him in the liberal camp and I was just going to kind of do a little heckling.
Mr. GENZMAN. Are you saying you were going to use the umbrella as a symbol for the purpose of heckling?
Mr. WITT. I think that would cover it. . .
Mr. GENZMAN. You testified that you were opening the umbrella to use it as a symbol hoping to catch the President's eye?
Mr. WITT. Yes, sir.
Mr. GENZMAN. Could you elaborate further as to the type of symbol you thought you were applying?
Mr. WITT. . . . I just knew the vague generalities of it. It had something to do with something that happened years ago with the senior Joe Kennedy when he was Ambassador to England. . . .(3)
Mr. GENZMAN. Mr. Witt, some assassination critics have alleged your actions with your umbrella were a signal to an assassin or to assassins to fire or a signal that the President had in fact been hit. Were you signaling to anyone besides the President?
Mr. WITT. No; no one. . . .(4)
Mr. FAUNTROY. I wonder if you would care to tell us a little more about your understanding of the significance of the umbrella, and why you felt that it would heckle the president to raise the umbrella?
Mr. WITT. . . . It had something to do with . . . when the senior Mr. Kennedy was Ambassador to England, and the Prime Minister [Neville Chamberlain], some activity they had had in appeasing Hitler. The umbrella that the Prime Minister of England came back with got to be a symbol in some manner with the British people. By association, it got transferred ot the Kennedy family, and, as I
The "umbrella man", identified in 1978 as Louie Steven Witt, is a man who appears in the Zapruder film, and several other films and photographs, near the Stemmons Freeway sign within Dealey Plaza during the JFK assassination. The "umbrella man" is the subject of a 2011 documentary short by Errol Morris, for The New York Times.
Conspiracy Theory
A person popularly dubbed the "umbrella man" has been the object of much speculation, as he was the only person seen carrying and opening an umbrella on that sunny day. He was also one of the closest bystanders to President John F. Kennedy when Kennedy was first struck by a bullet. As Kennedy's limousine approached, the man opened up and lifted the umbrella high above his head, then spun or panned the umbrella from east to west (clockwise) as the president passed by him. In the aftermath of the assassination, the "umbrella man" sat down on the sidewalk next to another man before getting up and walking towards the Texas School Book Depository.
Early speculation came from assassination researchers Josiah Thompson and Richard Sprague who noticed the open umbrella in a series of photographs. Thompson and Sprague suggested that the "umbrella man" may have been acting as a signaler of some kind, opening his umbrella to signal "go ahead" and then raising it to communicate "fire a second round".
The "umbrella man" is depicted as performing such a role in Oliver Stone's film JFK. Another theory proposed by Robert Cutler and endorsed by Colonel L. Fletcher Prouty is that the umbrella may have been used to fire a dart with a paralyzing agent at Kennedy to immobilize his muscles and make him a "sitting duck" for an assassination. (Charles Senseney, who developed weaponry for the CIA at Fort Detrick, Maryland, told the Senate Intelligence Committee, in 1975, that such an umbrella weapon was in the hands of the CIA in 1963.)
Identification
After an appeal to the public by the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations, Louie Steven Witt came forward in 1978 and claimed to be the "umbrella man". He claimed to still have the umbrella and did not know he had been the subject of controversy. He said that he brought the umbrella to simply heckle Kennedy whose father had been a supporter of the Nazi-appeasing British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. By waving a black umbrella, Chamberlain's trademark fashion accessory, Witt said he was protesting the Kennedy family appeasing Adolf Hitler before World War II. An umbrella had been used in cartoons in the 1930s to symbolize such appeasement, and Chamberlain often carried an umbrella. Kennedy, who wrote a thesis on appeasement while at Harvard, Why England Slept, might have recognized the symbolism of the umbrella. Black umbrellas had been used in connection with protests against the President before; at the time of the construction of the Berlin Wall, a group
of schoolchildren from Bonn the White House an umbrella labeled Chamberlain.
Testifying before the HSCA, Witt said "I think if the Guinness Book of World Records had a category for people who were at the wrong place at the wrong time, doing the wrong thing, I would be No. 1 in that position, without even a close runner-up."
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Recap: Fifteen years after the assassination, as the special House Select Committee on Assassinations was taking the first serious look at the death of JFK (and others), a man came forward to identify himself as the so-called “Umbrella Man” and to explain his bizarre behavior.
The man, Steven Louie Witt, said that, no, it was not someone signaling the shooters, and no, it had nothing at all to do with the assassination. Instead, he said, it was a message against appeasement of enemies. He hoped to signal his disapproval of what he considered JFK’s forbearance of America’s enemies.
How to signal that? Here’s where it gets complicated. Witt claimed he held up the umbrella as an icon symbolizing the treachery of Neville Chamberlain, the 1930s British prime minister. Chamberlain, who tried to preserve peace with Hitler by ceding him a part of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland), became a reviled symbol of appeasement. The self-described Umbrella Man said that he had been identifying appeasement with Chamberlain’s trademark umbrella. The connection to JFK came via his father, Joseph P. Kennedy, ambassador to Britain at the time and an anti-war isolationist.
Only a very unusual 15-year-old American (Witt’s approximate age in 1938) would have strong feelings about a British prime minister’s behavior, and still harbor those feelings a quarter century later. It is even harder to accept that he could believe JFK,
himself a young man in 1938, might “get” the message somehow via the umbrella.
Even if we are to accept that Witt really was the man pumping the umbrella on the Grassy Knoll, and even if he was cognizant of Chamberlain, and even if he did think he could get a message to JFK
via the Chamberlain affair, we still have a big problem with this claim.
According to John Simkin, a retired British history teacher and textbook author who runs the historical website Spartacus Educational, the umbrella was never the symbol of Chamberlain that the “umbrella man” claimed it was.
“In Britain, there was never any association with an umbrella at all,” Simkin told me. “Everyone had umbrellas and bowlers in those days.” According to Simkin, the only proper symbol for Chamberlain and appeasement was a piece of paper. That was the document he held aloft, with Hitler’s signature to the so-called Munich Agreement—in which Hitler agreed not to seek any further territorial gains in Europe—as Chamberlain
famously declared that he had secured “peace in our time.” (In this old newsreel, you can see Chamberlain hold aloft that document.)
Simkin finds the New York Times video’s assertion that the purpose of opening the umbrella and pumping it in the air to signal Munich simply laughable.
More likely, it was exactly what it appeared to be: a method of signaling shooters, perhaps that JFK had been hit, perhaps that he still seemed to be alive, perhaps to keep shooting. Although it was a sunny day, it had rained the night before, and there was a wind, so it would not have been operationally illogical to move forward with using an umbrella. The fact that the New York Times and the establishment in
general have never considered the umbrella worthy of real, serious inquiry, tells us that if the umbrella was part of a plot, it was not so bad a choice.
RIO GRANDE BUILDING
In the last article, I mentioned that Witt, the self-proclaimed “Umbrella Man,” worked for Rio Grande National Life Insurance in the Rio Grande building. I mentioned that the same building housed the Immigration office frequented by Lee Harvey Oswald, and the local office of the highly negligent Secret Service. I mentioned that Rio Grande wrote a lot of insurance for the military. And, separately, I noted the strong military intelligence connections to key figures connected with 11/22/63.
One thing I did not mention, but should have, was that Military Intelligence itself had offices in that Rio Grande building.
Now, all of that could be coincidence. But there’s a reason certain entities signed leases with particular landlords and not others—especially so in Dallas circa 1963 (more on this in Family of Secrets.)
DARK COMPLECTED MAN
Some of our readers wondered why I did not mention another figure who acted
strangely as Kennedy’s limo passed. This was the so-called “Dark Complected Man”—so named because his complexion was his most readily identifiable feature in photos from November 22.
I left him out of the initial piece because I wanted to focus solely on Umbrella Man, who, after all, was the sole subject of that New York Times video I was considering.
Nevertheless, Dark Complected Man is without question an
extremely important character. Maybe even more deserving of scrutiny than Umbrella Man.
Dark Complected Man (DCM), like Umbrella Man, was on the Grassy Knoll, and, like Umbrella Man, appears to reasonable observers to have been signaling. At the precise moment that JFK’s car passed, as Umbrella Man opened and pumped his umbrella repeatedly, Dark Complected Man shot his fist up into the air. To some, DCM seemed to be calling for a halt to the presidential limo, which did in fact either come to a complete halt or slowed down to a crawl.
It’s not just their actions at the moment that Kennedy’s head is blown apart. It’s how they behave afterwards.
Instead of reacting with horror and springing into action, these two purported strangers sit down together, on the curb, and calmly survey the chaos. In their icy nonchalance, they exhibit an almost professional detachment.
Another intriguing thing about DCM is that in photos, something that looks like a radio or walkie-talkie appears to be protruding from his back pocket.
Taken together, Dark Complected Man and Umbrella Man add real bulk to the mountain of circumstantial evidence for a conspiracy in the death of JFK.
Maybe we do have The Times to thank, after all. Although that whimsical video was intended to discourage inquiry, it has had exactly the opposite effect. It goads us to focus diligently on long-ago events that “the paper of record” will not scrutinize—and that cast a shadow over democracy to the present moment.
understood, it was a sore spot with the Kennedy family, like I said, in coffee break conversations someone had mentioned, I think it is one of the towns in Arizona, it is Tucson or Phoenix, that someone had been out at the
airport or some place where some members of the Kennedy family came through and they were rather irritated by the fact that they were brandishing the umbrellas. This is how the idea sort of got stuck in my mind. . . . This was in a conversation somewhere at work. I wish that I could remember now who brought the subject up and put this idea in my head. I am sure that I would have taken that umbrella and clouted him over the head somewhere in this last 2 or 3 weeks.(5)
Mr. WITT. [After the assassination occurred] I was somewhat stunned . . . Once the realization . . . [that something terrible had happened] . . . I was stunned. . . . I think one [of] my reactions was knowing that I was there with this stupid umbrella and heckling the President and -- of course, I didn't know that the President had been killed. As a matter of fact, I didn't know he had been shot. I just knew that something had happened by the activity and what seemed to be in the air around me. But I think my own thinking may have been at the time that -- I would have to describe it as a -- kind of like a bad joke that had gone sour, or a practical joke you pulled on someone that had gone sour, since I was there with this thing, and for that purpose.
Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Witt, is it your testimony that at no time did the Dallas police or the FBI contact you about your presence at Dealey Court Plaza at this time?
Mr. WITT. No. . . . I have always wondered why they didn't, but . . . so far as I know, no one ever made any attempt to find out who I was or why I was there.
Mr. FAUNTROY. When did you find out that you were a subject of suspicion; that is, that the umbrella man was somehow involved in the assassination?
Mr. WITT. When the committee sent these things to the newspapers, and it was printed in the local papers, in the Dallas paper there. . . .
Mr. FAUNTROY. So . . . is it your testimony that you did not learn that somebody was concerned about the umbrella man until 10 or 15 years after, until 1978 -- only in 1978 were you aware?
Mr. WITT. Well, as far as I know, no one was concerned with me.
Mr. FAUNTROY. So that explains, therefore, why you did not yourself contact the FBI or the police . . . because . . . you were not aware that someone with an umbrella in Dealey Plaza was an object of interest?
Mr. WITT. No. As a matter of fact, I wasn't aware that I was an
object of interest. As a matter of fact, I have found out since -- within the last few weeks, that there have been countless numbers of books and all sorts of controversies over this thing. But I drifted along all of these years and I have never seen one of these books because I have
never been a fan of this assassination thing. I don't go out of my way to read anything about it. So it sort of all has gone over my head up until the last few weeks.
Mr. FAUNTROY. Now, is it your testimony that you did in fact see this picture in the papers in July of this year?
Mr. WITT. I saw this picture right here, the blurred picture in the lower right-hand corner.
Mr. FAUNTROY. And did you recognize it as yourself?