The image on the cloth has many peculiar and closely studied characteristicsPDF (114
KB), for example, it is entirely superficial, not penetrating into the cloth fibers under the
surface, so that the flax and cotton fibers are not colored; the image yarn is composed
of discolored fibers placed side by side with non-discolored fibers so many striations
appear. Thus the cloth is not simply dyed, though many other explanations, natural and
otherwise, have been suggested for the image formation. Alone among published
researchers, Walter McCrone believed the entire image to be composed of pigment.
However, this hypothesis was disproved after closer inspection showed that there were
no more pigment particles on the image area than on the non-image area of the
shroud.[citation needed] Other results have shown the image to be a discoloration, not a
"coloration."  
Read more...
The 1898 Exhibition

Historians, archaeologists, exegetes, art
critics, physicians and biologists began to
study [The Shroud] from a totally different
point of view. The Exhibition was allowed by
the House of Savoy to solemnize the wedding
between Crown Prince Vittorio Emanuele (III)
and Montenegrin Princess Elena Petrovich-
Niegos and it was inserted in ampler civic and
religious manifestations celebrated in Italy and
in Turin.

The event that went down in history was not
the Exhibition's unusual duration, from May
25 to June 2, 1898, but the taking of the first
photograph of the Holy Cloth. The cloth was displayed in a large and artistic frame with
the consequent discovery that the imprints that could be seen on it were a perfect
negative.

The fortunate photographer, the lawyer Secondo Pia, noticed during the development of
the large glass plates (cm 50 x cm 60) that the image on the photographic negative
appeared as a perfect positive of a Man composed solemnly in death. He was very
Previous Shroud Exhibitions
**********
Geoffrey de Charney. Presumably, it was
taken there after having been removed from a
church in Constantinople during a crusade
aimed at bringing the shroud to France.
Margarita, granddaughter of de Charney,
handed the shroud over to Louis, Duke of
Savoy in 1453, though it is unclear why she
was willing to part with such a valuable item.
Legend has it that her horse, after having the
shroud loaded on its back, refused to move.
To this day, the duke’s family is the legal
owner of the shroud.
VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- The Shroud of
Turin, revered by many as the burial cloth of
Christ, will be displayed to the public for the
first time in a decade in 2010.
amazed at his discovery but arrived at the only conclusion
that an expert photographer could draw: if the image on the
plate appears as a perfect positive, then the actual object
itself must likewise be a perfect negative.
Read
more....
Shroud of Turin to be displayed to public in 2010
By Carol Glatz
Catholic News Service
http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0802940.htm
**********
A great deal of mystery surrounds the 4.3 - by - 1.1 - meter piece of linen kept in the
Cathedral of San Giovanni Battista in Turin, Italy. The Shroud of Turin, is one of the
most important Christian relics in the world. On it is a full-scale imprint of the body of
a man resembling the descriptions of the crucified Jesus that were common from the
third century onward. The impression of the body in the shroud shows signs of
flagellation, and it appears that the dead man’s hands were wounded and bloody. Marks
of blood can also be seen on the parts of the shroud that lay on his nape and forehead.
Consequently, there are many who believe that the Shroud of Turin was wrapped
around the body of Jesus after it was taken down from the cross, and that the profile
on the shroud is that of Jesus himself.

The Shroud of Turin is first mentioned in the fourteenth century, when according to
the commonly accepted version of its history it was discovered in the vaults of

In the five weeks it was on public display, 3 1/2 million
visitors (100,000 per day) came from all over the world
to view the cloth. That equals the number of people that
come to visit John F. Kennedy's grave at Arlington
National Cemetery every year.  Read
more....
The first photo of the Shroud of Turin, taken in 1898. It had the
surprising feature that the image on the negative was clearer than
the positive image.
Experts in the natural sciences began examining the shroud toward the end of the
nineteenth century. Among their findings were the imprints of plants and grains of
pollen. In 1995 [Avinoam Danin] was asked by Dr. Alan Whanger and his wife Mary,
of Durham, North Carolina, to assist them in identifying the plants and to evaluate the
identification of the grains of pollen that had been collected by the Swiss crime expert
Dr. Max Frei.

Ten years previously, in 1985, Dr. Whanger was looking at a photograph of the shroud
taken in 1931 when he noticed the faint outline of a flower later identified as the
inflorescence of the crown chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium). Intrigued,
the Whangers, amateur photographers, spent thousands of subsequent hours looking at
photographs that had been specially enhanced so that the faint images stood out more
The Shroud of Turin is a centuries old linen cloth that bears the image of a crucified
man. A man that millions believe to be Jesus of Nazareth. Is it really the cloth that
wrapped his crucified body, or is it simply a medieval forgery, a hoax perpetrated by
some clever artist? Modern science has completed hundreds of thousands of hours of
detailed study and intense research on the Shroud. It is, in fact, the single most studied
artifact in human history, and we know more about it today than we ever have before.
And yet, the controversy still rages.
to a negative of itself, you will wind up with a positive.  The intensity patterns also
follow the inverse square law that governs the intensity patterns of a photograph.
The 1978 Exhibition

In September of 1978, the Shroud of Turin went on public display for a period of five
weeks. Normally stored in a specially designed reliquary in the altar of the Cathedral of
St. John the Baptist (above), it was placed behind bulletproof glass and sealed in a
nitrogen filled case for the exhibition. Illuminated by several large, focused spotlights
from each side, it proved a striking and powerful image against the darkened
background of the chapel. Visitors often waited in line for up to eight hours before
reaching the altar in the cathedral where the cloth could be viewed at its closest
distance. The public entered on the left side and walked slowly down a long aisle to the
front of the cathedral, then crossed in front of the altar on a raised, wooden bridge.
There visitors could pause and look up at the Shroud, about 20 feet away, mounted 12
feet above the altar. After a minute or two, they would exit via the right aisle.
The hint suggests
that the image will be
more recognizable if
you convert it to the
negative.  One of the
earliest modern
discoveries about the
Shroud is that it is
similar to a
photographic
negative.  So if you
convert the image
A coronal image of a chrysanthemum
produced by Oswald Schewermann (left)
the image on the Shroud of Turin (center)
and an illustration of the flower (right)
©1997 Alan Whanger    
www.shroud.com/...
The history of the Shroud of Turin can be best studied by dividing it into two specific
categories.The general consensus of even the most doubting researchers is to accept a
"1350" date as the beginning of the "undisputed" or documented history of the Shroud
of Turin. This also happens to coincide with the approximate date determined by the
1988 carbon dating of the cloth. Although there is a significant amount of evidence
supporting the Shroud's existence prior to the mid 1300's, much of it is, in fact,
"circumstantial" and remains mostly unproven.
Full length image of the Shroud of Turin.
www.shroud.com
The Hint
The Shroud of Turin
clearly. They discovered hundreds of
flowers, mostly in the vicinity of the figure’
s head. Comparing the flowers they found
with drawings in Michael Zohary and
Naomi Feinbrun’s Flora Palaestina, they
succeeded in identifying twenty-eight
species of plants.

The best explanation for the appearance of
the plant images on the Shroud of Turin is
the one proffered by physics teacher
Oswald Schewermann, who noticed the
images on it in 1983 and conducted many
unpublished experiments on the
phenomenon of coronal discharge, which
involves the discharge of radiation from a
surface charged with static electricity. Flat
objects like leaves lose electrons on their
edges when they touch cloth, for instance,
forming a dark line that follows the
contours of the points of contact. The
images are sharply defined where the body
touched the cloth and fuzzy where it did
not. (See the chrysanthemum image above,
produced by Schewermann.)

The Whangers discovered images of other
objects on the shroud as well, including a
nail, a hammer, a broom, a rope
reminiscent of ropes found in Nahal
Heimar whose ages are estimated at eight
to nine thousand years, a round wreath of
thorns, a reed, and a sponge. The reed and
the sponge recall the description of the
crucifixion in the New Testament: "And
one [bystander] ran and, filling a sponge
full of vinegar, put it on a reed and gave it
to him to drink…" (Mark 15:36).  Read
more....
If you have a picture you'd like us to feature a picture in a future quiz, please
email it to us at
CFitzp@aol.com. If we use it, you will receive a free analysis of
your picture. You will also receive a free
Forensic Genealogy CD or a 10%
discount towards the purchase of the
Forensic Genealogy book.
So Many Articles,
So Little Time!

The Shroud of Turin (Wikipedia)

Radiocarbon Dating of the Shroud

Sudarium of Oviedo

Scientific Papers and Articles

Autopsy of the Man in the Shroud

Body Image Formation and Corona
Discharge

The Carbon-14 Debate

Anomalies of C-14 Dating Process

Skewing of the C-14 Dating Due to
Repairs to the Shroud

Comparative Study of the Sudarium
of Oviedo & the Shroud

Conservation of the Shroud

Doubts about the Coins over the Eyes

The Imrpessions of the Flowers

Evidence of the Shroud in
Constaninpole pre-1204

Geography of the Shroud

Library of Scientific Papers on the
Shroud
Answers:

1.  Jesus Christ.  The image appears on the Shroud of Turin.
2. Cathedral of St. John, Turin, Italy
3.  It will be on display for the first time since 2000.
**********
Click here to see results of
5th occasional photoquiz survey.
1978 Exhibition Stamp
Answer to Quiz #213 - June 14, 2009
**********
The 2000 Exhibition

Cardinal Giovanni Saldarini, Archbishop of Turin, announced that the Shroud of Turin
would be publicly displayed in Turin for eight weeks in 1998, and again in the year
2000. This was an unusual event in the history of the controversial 14 1/2 foot long
linen cloth that bears the image of a crucified man. Unusual because the cloth has rarely
been displayed publicly more than one or two times each century. A fire (April 11-12,
1997) severely damaged the Cathedral and Chapel where the Shroud is normally stored
and where the cloth was to be displayed during the 1998 exposition. The Archbishop of
Turin officially stated that the exposition would go on as planned.

The 1998 exhibition marked the 500th anniversary of the consecration of the Turin
Cathedral. It also coincided with the 100th anniversary of the exhibition of 1898, when
Italian amateur photographer Secundo Pia took the first photograph ever of the Shroud
of Turin. That photograph is significant to Shroud research because it revealed for the
first time that the image on the Shroud was a negative. That knowledge helped pave the
way for modern scientific research on the linen cloth. The centuries old relic was
exhibited from April 18 to June 14, 1998.

The year 1998 also marked the 20th anniversary of the most recent public exhibition of
the Shroud, in October 1978. At that time, the first ever, in-depth scientific examination
of the cloth was completed by an international group of scientists including the Shroud
of Turin Research Project, Inc., (STURP). An International Congress on the Shroud of
Turin was also held in Turin from June 5 to 7, 1998. Organized by the Centro
Internazionale di Sindonologia di Torino (International Center for the Turin Shroud), its
primary focused  on conservation of the cloth. See the "Shroud Conferences and
Symposia" at
http://www.shroud.com/confrncs.htm. Read more....
celebrated the 100th anniversary of the discovery of this incredible image of the Man of
the Shroud, which was made possible thanks to the photography of Secondo Pia.  Read
more...
**********
**********
**********
Counter
The Archbishop Severino Poletto reads
a prayer in front of the Shroud on the
afternoon of August 12, 2000
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I have followed the Shroud ever since the original STURP group
went over to Italy in 1978, as well as, to a lesser degree, the
Sudarium of Oveido, the history and provenance of which is
considerably better known than that of the Shroud. I've
probably read 20+ books on these investigations, as well as
reading the scientific papers associated with them. The
similarities of the Sudarium, when juxtaposed with those
characteristics of the Shroud, are striking.

Insofar as the Shroud is concerned, I am pretty well convinced
that it is what it is claimed to be. We now know the carbon
dating was wrong, due to both contamination, and the place on
the Shroud from which the sample was cut, which was from
the later stages in which repairs had been made. They have
never been able to explain just *how* the image was created, in
spite of claims by one or two that they could replicate it, but
when called upon to do so, could not.

After reading, and hearing, all that has been said about it, I tend
to agree with a priest (who was also a scientist) that I heard at
some point in all of my reading and listening, who basically
ticked off the many ways in which the image could *not* have
been made (which included just about every process known
thus far to mankind). He then said, that, in his opinion, what
occurred, at the point of resurrection, was that something
perhaps akin to a tiny (even minuscule) nuclear explosion
occurred, thus creating the image on the shroud, as life was
returned to the body. He only used the term "nuclear" for want
of a better term - indeed, a term, or process, as he said,
unknown to humankind.

That is just about where I stand at the moment. A lot of it (that
is, that it is the face of Christ) rests on acceptance by faith, at
this point. I am much more attuned to logic and scientific
indication and proof than to faith, in my reasoning, but I tend to
believe that we have the "real deal" with the Shroud. It is
doubtful that it can ever be conclusively proven, however. But
when we reach the point, as we are approaching now, where no
known earthly process can be shown to have created the
Shroud, especially as far back as the time line reaches, what else
is left?

Bill Utterback
QUIZMASTER
ROGUES GALLERY
INTERVIEWS
PAST
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ARTICLES
The 2000 Exhibition

In an interview with Vatican Radio on August 9, 2000, Archbishop Severino Poletto of
Turin provided an excellent overview of the new Shroud exposition, including a
description of the "enriched" route pilgrims will take as they wait in line to see the cloth.
The following article is from the Zenit News Service in Rome and includes excerpts
from that interview:

HOLY SHROUD, YOUTH, AND ECUMENISM
Interview with Archbishop Severino Poletto of Turin

VATICAN CITY, AUGUST 9 (ZENIT.org).- The Psalmist's words, "Lord, I seek your
face," seem to have been written in view of the mystery of the Holy Shroud. With
unbelievable precision, they reflect the spiritual journey undertaken by the pilgrim who
will come to Turin to view the most loved and controversial relic of Christianity.
Archbishop Severino Poletto of Turin chose the Psalmist's words as the theme of the
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The shroud is
removed only for
very special
spiritual
occasions, and its
removal for study
or display to the
public must be
approved by the
pope. The last
time it was
displayed to the
public was in
2000 of the
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Comments from Our Readers
It looks like Dr Zaius from Planet of the Apes!                                    Marilyn Hamill

*****
I'm not quite sure who the image is supposed to be, but I am absolutely certain it is
Elvis Presley. I had no idea that the Pope was an Elvis fan!                    
Dennis Brann

*****
As a Catholic, no hints were needed for me!!                                    
Elaine C. Hebert

*****
I have always been fascinated by the story of the shroud. I read recently where the
Vatican announced that the shroud was hidden and protected by the Knights Templar.
                                                                                               
Jim Baker
*****
I recognized this one immediately, but I didn't know about the plan to show it next
year.  That is interesting news.  I would love to plan a trip around that event!
                                                                                             
Eric Goforth
*****
I thought the face looked like Leonardo.  Am I on the right track?            
Suzan Farris

*****
Note: I attended a talk by the University of Arizona Professor who did the 1988 carbon
dating of the Shroud material that was supplied to them.  I can not believe that the
people that sellected the sample to be tested, would not give a good sample.  The test
facilities were given 4 unidentified samples, three of known dates, about 1200 CE,
about 1 CE and one about 300BCE.  All three tested to the known dates.  The professor
said he had enough sample to test the Shroud sample 4 times, all tests to the reported
dates of about 1300 CE.                                                                  
Wayne Douglas

*****
It will be on public display for the first time in a decade in 2010. This might be a good
excuse to go back to Italy...though I'm sure the lines will be horrendously long.
                                                                                           
Mary South
*****
What an experience to be able to go to Turin,Italy in May 2010 to see the exibition. Did
they do DNA on this at all or was it impossible because of the age of the cloth?
                                                                                          
Beverly Johns
*****
I want to show this around to friends to see how many recognize it.  I'm afraid not as
many as I think.                                                                        
Carolyn Cornelius

*****
Is this another project, Colleen?  I note that a great number of Shroud researchers have
died recently and hope that you and Andy take care of yourselves.        
Diane Burkett

*****
I'm a little late getting going this week - no reflection on the degree of difficulty of this
week's photo quiz. I knew what was represented as soon as I saw it. It was interesting
to read of the research that has been done and I was not aware of the 2010 exposition.
                                                                                             
Don Draper
*****
I became interested in the Shroud when I taught at the USAF Academy in the late
1970's.  John Jackson and Eric Jumper were colleague's of mine in the Chemistry-
Physics Department and we talked some about it.  John and Eric got very involved in
the Shroud and were the first to develop a 3D model of the image based on the 3D
qualities of the image.  As far as I know Eric lost interest rather quickly, but John
Jackson has committed his life to studying the Shroud.  He led the first team to Italy in
the early 1980's for the public viewing and private research on the Shroud.  I have
always been just a spectator, but an interested one.

I agree with you on DNA contamination.  By the way, if it really is the image of Christ,
who could be a direct descendant.  I would guess no one.  Contamination has plagued
the research on many occasions.                                                        
 Marty Guidry

N.B.  It would not have to be a direct descendant.  It would have to be someone with
a direct female link for mtDNA testing, or a direct male link for Y-DNA testing.  The
mtDNA is generally used for paleo-DNA studies especially for very degraded remains,
since it is so abundant and the remains are more likely to yield enough usable
mtDNA than Y-DNA.

*****
I have been familiar with the Shroud for many years.  I'm an atheist myself, but I do
enjoy examining the reasons why people make a leap of faith that I myself can never
make.                                                                                 
Mike Vanlandingham
Quiz Number 213     14 June 2009

SHROUDED IN MYSTERY

Located in Turin, Italy, there is a most unique Shroud.
It's  history and physical attributes cause many to rave!
Studies illustrate the shroud might have covered Jesus,
After his execution and internment in a burial cave.

There is to be a special public viewing in 2010.
On display for over a month for all to see,
After the major cleaning and restoration in 2002,
There is heightened excitement,  all agree.

Robert Edward McKenna
Quiz Poet Laureate

*****

With permission from the Holy See
and the DNA community
Scientists want to have a say
In testing the Shroud's DNA
But for me that is no way!
For me, it's too much theology!

Colleen Fitzpatrick
Understudy to Quiz Poet Laureate
Robert Edward McKenna
Perhaps an image of one of the most recognized faces in the world.
**********
Read more about the 2010
exhibition of the Shroud at
http://www.sindone.org/
This image from a Hungarian
manuscript dates from 1192 to
1195. Shroud proponents cite it as
evidence for the shroud's
existence before the fourteenth
century, citing an L-shaped patch
near the hands, which would
correspond to four burn holes in
the relic. Also, the weave of the
cloth in the lower panel suggests
to them the unusual weave of the
shroud.
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Robert Edward McKenna, QPL
public was in 2000 for the jubilee year.

Cardinal Severino Poletto of Turin, papal custodian of the Shroud of Turin, had
requested the shroud be displayed in two years.

During the June 2 audience, the pope said he was happy to grant the archbishop's wish.

Pope Benedict said it would be "a propitious occasion" for the faithful "to contemplate
that mysterious face that silently speaks to the heart of humankind, inviting them to
recognize the face of God."

At the end of the Vatican audience, the spokesman for the shroud's custodian, Msgr.
Giuseppe Ghiberti, presented the pope with a life-size reproduction of the shroud.
**********
**********
1.  Who is it supposed to be?
2.  Where is it located?
3.  Why will it be in the news in 2010?
The Shroud on display August 12, 2000
Pope Benedict XVI announced during a June 2 audience with pilgrims from Turin that
he had approved the shroud's removal from its protective casket for display to the
public in the spring of 2010.

He told the 7,000 pilgrims gathered in the Vatican's Paul VI hall, "If the Lord grants me
life and health, I, too, hope to come" see the shroud displayed.

According to tradition, the 14-foot by 4-foot linen cloth is the burial shroud of Jesus.
The shroud has a full-length photonegative image of a man, front and back, bearing
signs of wounds that correspond to the Gospel accounts of the torture Jesus endured in
his passion and death.

The church has never officially ruled on the shroud's authenticity, saying judgments
about its age and origin belonged to scientific investigation. Scientists have debated its
authenticity for decades, and studies have led to conflicting results.

The shroud lies protected behind bulletproof glass in a special chapel of Turin's
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. The cloth lies flat, unseen inside a casket made of a
special space-age alloy that is waterproof and fireproof and is hermetically sealed to
keep out oxygen.
If you need a hint click here.
The Shroud on display in 1898.
forthcoming extraordinary exposition of
the Shroud, which, according to tradition,
wrapped Christ's body in the sepulcher.

It will be the longest exposition of the
Shroud's entire history. The showing will
last from August 12 to October 22, due in
part to an extension to enable pilgrims
from World Youth Day to visit the relic.
New techniques have also improved the
fabric's conservation. Moreover, the
exposition has an exceptional character,
given the fact that the last one closed less
than two years ago. That showing
**********